Gilbert's Syndrome

What is it?

Gilbert’s Syndrome is a benign hereditary disorder that affects the breakdown of bile in the liver causing jaundice. The condition is named after the French doctor (Nicholas Gilbert) who first described it in 1901. It is sometimes called Gilbert's disease although it does not cause 'disease' as such. 

The liver itself is normal and the condition is harmless.

Who gets it?

Gilbert's syndrome is a very common hereditary condition. It is present from birth but it is usually not apparent until between the ages of 20 and 40. About 1 in 20 people have this syndrome - but most will not be aware of it. It is more common in men than women.

What is Bilirubin?

Bilirubin is constantly being made in the body. It is a breakdown product of haemoglobin. Many red blood cells and haemoglobin break down each day, and bilirubin is one of the 'waste' products. Bilirubin is carried in the bloodstream to the liver where it is taken in by liver cells. The liver cells 'process' the bilirubin which is then passed out from the liver into the gut with the bile. This chemical gives bile its yellow/green colour. A high level of bilirubin in your blood will make you jaundiced ('yellow').

What happens with Gilbert’s Syndrome?

With Gilbert’s syndrome the liver does not process bilirubin very well. A specific enzyme is required for the process and excretion of bilirubin from the body. People with Gilbert’s syndrome have a reduced level of this enzyme and the result is a build up of bilirubin in the bloodstream. No treatment is needed for people with Gilbert's syndrome and life expectancy is not affected. Mild jaundice may recur from time to time for short periods, but usually causes no health problems.

What are the symptoms of Gilbert's syndrome?

Usually none, however, if the level of bilirubin goes above a certain level you become jaundiced (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes). Some people with Gilbert's syndrome become mildly jaundiced from time to time. This may seem alarming, but is of little concern if the cause is Gilbert's syndrome. The jaundice tends to occur most  commonly if you are ill with another problem such as an infection or repeated vomiting, or during times of exertion or stress.